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Water Stress and Hydropower

Georgia relies heavily on hydroelectric generation, which depends on consistent water flows from mountain regions. Alpine glacier retreat, evident across the Caucasus similar to Switzerland's documented ice loss, reduces seasonal water availability. The nation faces compounded pressure as warming temperatures shift precipitation patterns, creating both drought risks and flood vulnerabilities that complicate dam operations.

Rising Demand and Grid Pressure

Increased temperatures drive higher electricity consumption for cooling, particularly in urban centers like Tbilisi. This demand surge occurs simultaneously with reduced hydroelectric output, forcing Georgia to increase thermal power generation and imports. Global energy market volatility, including strategic reserves like the G7's 100 million barrel diesel release, affects fuel costs and grid stability as Georgia balances energy security with climate adaptation investments.